Vue.js uses a reactive data binding system, which means that any changes made to the data are automatically reflected in the user interface, and vice versa. This two-way binding allows developers to keep the UI in sync with the underlying data without the need for explicit DOM manipulation.

Vue.js follows a component-based architecture, where the entire application is composed of small, reusable components. Each component encapsulates its own logic, template, and styles, making it easier to manage and maintain complex applications. Components can also have parent-child relationships, allowing developers to create a hierarchical structure.

Vue.js provides a set of built-in directives that allow developers to extend the functionality of HTML elements. Directives are prefixed with “v-” and can be used to perform tasks like conditional rendering, handling events, data binding, and more. Some popular directives include v-if, v-for, v-bind, and v-on.

Vue.js uses a virtual DOM (Document Object Model) to optimize the rendering process. When the data in the application changes, Vue.js creates a virtual representation of the DOM and then efficiently updates the actual DOM based on the differences between the two representations. This approach results in better performance and a smoother user experience.

Vue.js comes with an official routing library called Vue Router, which provides a seamless way to handle client-side navigation in a Vue.js application. With Vue Router, developers can define different routes for various components, enabling dynamic content loading and better overall application navigation.